Importance of water supply during warm weather
With heatwave conditions confirmed in Moorepark, Dr. Paul Maher, Teagasc Moorepark, discusses the importance of water supply on dairy farms.
Ensuring an adequate water supply is critical on dairy farms given the current heightened temperatures being experienced. As cows increase their water intake in hot conditions, the herd’s demand to maintain milk production and overall welfare must be met.
Water availability is a key factor in managing dairy cows, Paul Maher explains. While cows typically drink 60 – 80 litres of water per day in mild conditions, this figure can rise significantly in warmer weather, with cows currently drinking 100 – 120 litres per cow per day.
A useful rule of thumb is that cows require approximately 4 litres of water for every 1 litre of milk produced, so maintaining a reliable supply is essential for supporting production.
Peak water demand – the pinch point
Peak water demand generally occurs around two hours after evening milking. During this time 30 – 50% of the herd’s daily water demand can occur within a short timeframe. Paul Maher advises farmers to check water availability during this peak period by observing cows in the field and identifying any signs of water shortages.
Trough capacity
When assessing water trough requirements, he explains, farms should aim to provide 7 – 9 litres of water per cow in each individual trough. For example, a 100-cow herd requires an 800 litre trough, or 150 – 200 gallons. Adequate trough size ensures cows can access water quickly, preventing restrictions on intake.
Pipe size
Alongside adequate trough capacity, correct pipe sizing plays a key role in maintaining water flow across the farm. Paul Maher recommends approximately 25 mm (1 inch) gauge pipe for a 100 cow herd, 32 – 40 mm gauge pipe for herds of 150 – 300 cows, and 40 mm gauging piping for herds of more than 300 cows. Loop water systems are also recommended, helping to improve water pressure and maintain flow.
Pressure valves
The importance of selecting the correct pressure valve (ballcock) was also highlighted. A low pressure or full flow pressure valve allows greater water flow into the trough, ensuring cows have adequate access to water during periods of peak demand. He advised against the use of high-pressure ballcocks, as although this increase pressure, they slow down the flow of water entering the trough.